The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has taken a picture of the ‘Cosmic Snake’ galaxy, an extremely distant galaxy peppered with clumpy regions of intense star formation.
The ‘Cosmic Snake’ galaxy. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble.
The Cosmic Snake galaxy is actually behind a massive galaxy cluster called MACS J1206.2-0847, but thanks to the cluster’s gravity, we can see it from Earth.
Light from the distant galaxy arrives at Earth, having been distorted by the gigantic gravitational influence of the intervening cluster.
Fascinatingly, instead of making it more difficult to perceive cosmological objects, such strong lensing effects improve the resolution and depth of an image by magnifying the background object.
Sometimes gravitational lensing can even produce multiple images of the object as light is bent in different directions around the foreground cluster.
Using Hubble, Dr. Antonio Cava of the Université de Genève and co-authors looked at several such images of the Cosmic Snake, each with a different level of magnification.
“The amplified images are more precise, luminous, and allows us to observe details up to 100 times smaller,” Dr. Cava said.
The Hubble images revealed that giant clumps in high-redshift galaxies are made up of a complex substructure of smaller clumps, which contributes to our understanding of star formation in distant galaxies.
“The fact that the image of the Cosmic Snake is repeated five times at different spatial resolutions allows, for the first time, to perform a direct comparison and to establish the intrinsic structure — and size – of the observed giant clumps,” the astronomers said.
“We discovered that the giants clumps are in reality not so large and massive as suggested by previous Hubble observations, but that they are intrinsically smaller or composed by multiple and unresolved small components, something that was not possible to directly prove so far.”
The findings appear in the journal Nature Astronomy.
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Antonio Cava et al. The nature of giant clumps in distant galaxies probed by the anatomy of the cosmic snake. Nature Astronomy, published online November 13, 2017; doi: 10.1038/s41550-017-0295-x
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